| Most common failures | No# failures |
|---|
| Headlamp aim out of alignment | 24 |
| Exhaust Lambda reading after 2nd fast idle outside specified limits (8.2.1.2 (c)) | 13 |
| Windscreen wiper does not clear the windscreen effectively | 12 |
| Engine MIL inoperative or indicates a malfunction (8.2.1.2 (h)) | 12 |
| Registration plate lamp issues | 11 |
| Nearside Rear Shock absorbers has a serious fluid leak | 10 |
| Anti-lock braking system warning lamp indicates an ABS fault | 9 |
| Offside Rear Shock absorbers has a serious fluid leak | 9 |
| Offside Rear coil spring broken |2.4.C.1a| | 9 |
| Nearside Stop lamp not working |1.2.1b| | 7 |
| Offside Stop lamp not working |1.2.1b| | 7 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 7 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 7 |
| Exhaust emissions Lambda reading after 2nd fast idle outside specified limits |7.3.D.3| | 6 |
| Nearside Rear Shock absorber has a serious fluid leak |2.7.3| | 6 |
| Nearside Rear Coil spring fractured or broken (5.3.1 (b) (i)) | 6 |
| Nearside Front Outer Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 6 |
| Windscreen washer not working | 5 |
| Offside Rear position lamp|s| not working |1.1.A.3b| | 5 |
| Nearside Rear coil spring broken |2.4.C.1a| | 5 |
| Offside Rear Shock absorber has a serious fluid leak |2.7.3| | 5 |
| Brakes imbalanced across an axle | 5 |
| Offside Rear Coil spring fractured or broken (5.3.1 (b) (i)) | 5 |
| Exhaust carbon monoxide content after 2nd fast idle exceeds default limits (8.2.1.2 (b)) | 5 |
| Offside Stop lamp(s) not working (4.3.1 (a) (ii)) | 5 |
| Central Rear Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases |7.1.2| | 4 |
| Front brake disc in such a condition that it is seriously weakened | 4 |
| Nearside Stop lamp(s) not working (4.3.1 (a) (ii)) | 4 |
| Offside Front Outer Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 4 |
| Rear Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases (6.1.2 (a)) | 4 |
| Offside Front Coil spring fractured or broken (5.3.1 (b) (i)) | 4 |
| Offside Rear Stop lamp not working |1.2.1b| | 3 |
| Offside Front Shock absorbers has a serious fluid leak | 3 |
| Offside Front coil spring broken |2.4.C.1a| | 3 |
| Supplementary Restraint System warning lamp indicates a fault |5.4.2| | 3 |
| Rear fog lamp not working |1.3.2b| | 3 |
| Nearside Rear position lamp|s| not working |1.1.A.3b| | 3 |
| Engine MIL inoperative or indicates a malfunction |8.2.1.2 |h|| | 3 |
| Rear brake binding | 3 |
| Nearside Rear Position lamp not working (4.2.1 (a) (ii)) | 3 |
| Exhaust hydrocarbon content after 2nd fast idle exceeds default limits (8.2.1.2 (b)) | 3 |
| Offside Front Upper Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 3 |
| Exhaust carbon monoxide content at idle exceeds default limits (8.2.1.2 (b)) | 3 |
| Offside Rear Stop lamp(s) not working (4.3.1 (a) (ii)) | 3 |
| Nearside Front Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 3 |
| Offside Rear Service brake excessively binding (1.2.1 (f)) | 3 |
| Exhaust emits excessive dense blue smoke during acceleration (8.2.1.2 (g)) | 3 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint excessively worn (5.3.4 (a) (i)) | 3 |
| Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases (6.1.2 (a)) | 3 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 3 |
| Offside Front Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 3 |
| Nearside Headlamp aim beam image obviously incorrect |1.8.A.1b| | 2 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar linkage has excessive play in a ball joint |2.4.G.2| | 2 |
| Nearside Rear Stop lamp not working |1.2.1b| | 2 |
| Offside Front Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |6.1.7 |g| |ii|| | 2 |
| Exhaust emits an excessive level of metered smoke |7.4.B.3a| | 2 |
| Nearside Front position lamp|s| not working |1.1.A.3b| | 2 |
| Front brake excessively fluctuating | 2 |
| Offside Stop lamp|s| not working |4.3.1 |a| |ii|| | 2 |
| Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases |7.1.2| | 2 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover excessively damaged so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |2.4.G.2| | 2 |
| Parking brake: efficiency below requirements |3.7.B.7| | 2 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover excessively damaged so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |2.4.G.2| | 2 |
| Exhaust Lambda reading after 2nd fast idle outside specified limits |8.2.1.2 |c|| | 2 |
| Offside Rear fog lamp not working |1.3.2b| | 2 |
| Nearside Front Upper Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 2 |
| Offside Rear Rear fog lamp not working (4.5.1 (a) (ii)) | 2 |
| Nearside Headlamp aim projected beam image is obviously incorrect (4.1.2 (c)) | 2 |
| Offside Rear Position lamp not working (4.2.1 (a) (ii)) | 2 |
| Supplementary restraint system warning lamp indicates a fault (7.1.6 (a)) | 2 |
| Nearside Front Side repeater not working (4.4.1 (a) (ii)) | 2 |
| Nearside Rear Lower Coil spring fractured or broken (5.3.1 (b) (i)) | 2 |
| Nearside Front Upper Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 2 |
| Emissions not tested (8.2.1.2 (d)) | 2 |
| Offside Front Upper Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 2 |
| Offside Front Side repeater not working (4.4.1 (a) (ii)) | 2 |
| Nearside Parking brake inoperative on one side (1.4.1 (a)) | 2 |
| Parking brake efficiency below requirements (1.4.2 (a) (i)) | 2 |
| Exhaust carbon monoxide content at idle exceeds manufacturers specified limits (8.2.1.2 (b)) | 2 |
| Rear fog lamp not working (4.5.1 (a) (ii)) | 2 |
| Exhaust hydrocarbon content after 2nd fast idle exceeds manufacturers specified limits (8.2.1.2 (a)) | 2 |
| Offside Rear Parking brake inoperative on one side (1.4.1 (a)) | 2 |
| Nearside Rear Stop lamp(s) not working (4.3.1 (a) (ii)) | 2 |
| Offside Front Track rod end ball joint dust cover excessively damaged or deteriorated so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (2.1.3 (g) (ii)) | 2 |
| Nearside Front Suspension arm ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 2 |
| Offside Front Lower Suspension arm ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 2 |
| Offside Rear Direction indicator incorrect colour |1.4.A.2f| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Seat belt flexible stalk damaged likely to lead to failure under load |5.2.4a| | 1 |
| Electronic stability system warning lamp indicates a fault |3.4.1c| | 1 |
| Offside Front Outer Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |6.1.7 |g| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Front wheel bearing has excessive play |2.5.A.3c| | 1 |
| Offside Front Front suspension retaining device ineffective HUB PINCH BOLT |2.5.A.4| | 1 |
| Offside Rear brake caliper has restricted free movement |3.5.1k| | 1 |
| Centre Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases |7.1.2| | 1 |
| Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover excessively deteriorated so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt on both sides top ones |2.4.G.2| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Front constant velocity joint gaiter deteriorated to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc |2.5.C.1a| | 1 |
| Nearside Front coil spring broken |2.4.C.1a| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Position lamp not working |4.2.1 |a|| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Stop lamp|s| not working |4.3.1 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Central Exhaust system insecure |6.1.2 |a|| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint excessively worn |5.3.4 |a| |i|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Side repeater not working |4.4.1 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Side repeater not working |4.4.1 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Position lamp not working |4.2.1 |a|| | 1 |
| Rear fog lamp not working |4.5.1 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Hazard warning switch inoperative |4.4.2 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Shock absorber has a serious fluid leak |2.7.3| | 1 |
| Offside Front front brake binding |3.7.B.1| | 1 |
| Offside Side repeater not working |1.4.A.2c| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Other passenger door cannot be opened from outside the vehicle |6.2.3 |a|| | 1 |
| Rear Exhaust emissions likely to be affected by an exhaust leak |8.2.1.1 |b|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Outer Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |6.1.7 |g| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Front constant velocity joint gaiter deteriorated to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc |2.5.C.1a| | 1 |
| Rear Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases |7.1.2| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |6.1.7 |g| |ii|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |5.3.4 |b| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |5.3.4 |b| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Outer Front constant velocity joint gaiter insecure to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc |2.5.C.1a| | 1 |
| Rear Mechanical brake component has restricted free movement | 1 |
| Offside Rear Rear position lamp|s| not working |1.1.A.3b| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Outer Front constant velocity joint gaiter damaged to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc |2.5.C.1a| | 1 |
| Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover excessively damaged so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt offside & nearside |2.4.G.2| | 1 |
| Windscreen has damage | 1 |
| Nearside Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |6.1.7 |g| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |6.1.7 |g| |ii|| | 1 |
| Exhaust noise is clearly in excess of that emitted by a similar vehicle fitted with a standard silencer in average condition |7.1.4| | 1 |
| Supplementary Restraint System warning lamp indicates a fault AIR BAG LAMP ON |5.4.2| | 1 |
| Nearside Headlamp not working on dipped beam |1.7.5a| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Seat belt retracting mechanism defective |5.2.5b| | 1 |
| Position lamp not working |4.2.1 |a|| | 1 |
| Nearside Stop lamp|s| not working |4.3.1 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Rear reflector excessively damaged so that its function is impaired |1.5.1c| | 1 |
| Fuel cap/sealing device missing |6.1.3 |b| |i|| | 1 |
| Exhaust carbon monoxide content at idle exceeds manufacturer`s specified limits |8.2.1.2 |b|| | 1 |
| Exhaust emissions likely to be affected by an exhaust leak |8.2.1.1 |b|| | 1 |
| Electronic stability control warning lamp indicates a fault |7.12 |e|| | 1 |
| Front Brake lining|s| less than 1.5 mm thick |1.1.13 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint excessively worn |5.3.4 |a| |i|| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Coil spring fractured or broken |5.3.1 |b| |i|| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Coil spring fractured or broken |5.3.1 |b| |i|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Shock absorbers has a serious fluid leak | 1 |
| Offside Headlamp insecure |1.7.3| | 1 |
| Nearside Outer Front constant velocity joint gaiter deteriorated to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc |2.5.C.1a| | 1 |
| Offside Front Front wheel bearing rough when rotated |2.5.A.2| | 1 |
| Service brake: efficiency below requirements |3.7.B.7| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Rear reflector likely to become detached |4.8.1 |b| |ii|| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Rear reflector defective or damaged by more than 50% of the reflecting surface missing |4.8.1 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Side repeater not working wires broken |1.4.A.2c| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Outer Position lamp light intensity significantly reduced |4.2.3 |a| |ii|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover excessively deteriorated so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |2.4.G.2| | 1 |
| Exhaust carbon monoxide content after 2nd fast idle exceeds manufacturer`s specified limits |8.2.1.2 |a|| | 1 |
| Exhaust hydrocarbon content after 2nd fast idle exceeds manufacturer`s specified limits |8.2.1.2 |a|| | 1 |
| Offside Headlamp aim so that beam "kick up" is not visible on the screen |4.1.2 |a|| | 1 |
| Engine MIL inoperative or indicates a malfunction cyl no.4 misfire |8.2.1.2 |h|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Inner Front constant velocity joint is insecure |2.5.C.1b| | 1 |
| Offside Front Service brake excessively binding |1.2.1 |f|| | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Coil spring fractured or broken coil spring broken |5.3.1 |b| |i|| | 1 |
| Offside Rear Coil spring fractured or broken coil spring broken |5.3.1 |b| |i|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Shock absorber has a serious fluid leak |2.7.3| | 1 |
| Offside Front Fluid suspension unit leaking |2.4.D.2| | 1 |
| Central Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases |7.1.2| | 1 |
| Rear parking brake recording little or no effort | 1 |
| Emissions not tested no oil |7.3.A.1| | 1 |
| Nearside Headlamp aim projected beam image is obviously incorrect |4.1.2 |c|| | 1 |
| Offside Front Suspension arm ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |5.3.4 |b| |ii|| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Headlamp aim beam image obviously incorrect |1.8.A.1b| | 1 |
| Offside Outer Front constant velocity joint gaiter deteriorated to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc |2.5.C.1a| | 1 |
| Offside Headlamp not working on dipped beam |1.7.5a| | 1 |
| Front brake application uneven | 1 |
| Offside Front Headlamp not working on dipped beam |1.7.5a| | 1 |
| Registration plate issues | 1 |
| Nearside Rear position lamp|s| incorrect colour |1.1.A.3e| | 1 |
| Nearside Stop lamp emits other than a steady red light |1.2.1e| | 1 |
| Front Windscreen has a sticker or other obstruction encroaching into the swept area by more than 40mm outside zone `A` |8.3.1e| | 1 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint dust cover excessively deteriorated so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt |2.4.G.2| | 1 |
| Engine MIL inoperative or indicates a malfunction (8.2.2.2 (g)) | 1 |
| Exhaust emissions likely to be affected by an exhaust leak middle box (8.2.1.1 (b)) | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Service brake lagging in operation (1.2.1 (d)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Headlamp insecure (4.1.1 (c)) | 1 |
| Offside Rear Service brake lagging in operation (1.2.1 (d)) | 1 |
| Nearside Headlamp aim not tested (4.1.2 (b)) | 1 |
| Nearside Headlamp levelling device inoperative (4.1.5 (a)) | 1 |
| Fuel cap/sealing device ineffective plastic push in type fitted (6.1.3 (b) (i)) | 1 |
| Supplementary restraint system warning lamp indicates a fault Air bag lamp illuminated. (7.1.6 (a)) | 1 |
| Emissions not tested induction and or exhaust leak affecting test of emissions. (8.2.1.2 (d)) | 1 |
| Emissions not tested major leak exhaust +note smell oil /smokey from exhaust (8.2.1.2 (d)) | 1 |
| Exhaust noise is clearly in excess of that emitted by a similar vehicle fitted with a standard silencer in average condition (8.1.1 (a)) | 1 |
| Central Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases silencer deteriorated (note all in one with rear section) (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases At centre section (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Service brake lagging in operation (1.2.1 (d)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Brake disc significantly and obviously worn (1.1.14 (a) (i)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Brake disc significantly and obviously worn (1.1.14 (a) (i)) | 1 |
| Emissions not tested exhaust blow (8.2.1.2 (d)) | 1 |
| Rear Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases box (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt drop link (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt drop link (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Anti-roll bar linkage ball joint excessively worn (5.3.4 (a) (i)) | 1 |
| Front Outer Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt both sides (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 1 |
| Offside Position lamp not working (4.2.1 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Offside Rear Outer Brake lining(s) less than 1.5 mm thick (1.1.13 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Rear Brake disc significantly and obviously worn both (1.1.14 (a) (i)) | 1 |
| Front Service brake excessively fluctuating both (1.2.1 (e)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Macpherson strut attachment bracket/mounting insecure and impairing directional stability (5.3.3 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Headlamp aim projected beam image is obviously incorrect (4.1.2 (c)) | 1 |
| Offside Drivers door cannot be opened from inside the vehicle (6.2.3 (a)) | 1 |
| Brake pipe excessively corroded | 1 |
| Central Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases and rear box (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Rear Boot lid cannot be secured in the closed position (6.2.1 (e)) | 1 |
| Offside Headlamp not working on dipped beam (4.1.1 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Central Front Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases centre box holed (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Shock absorbers has an excessively worn bush (5.3.2 (c)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar insecurely attached (5.3.3 (a) (i)) | 1 |
| Front Exhaust system insecure (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Front Service brake excessively fluctuating both sides (1.2.1 (e)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint excessively worn (5.3.4 (a) (i)) | 1 |
| Central Exhaust system insecure (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Exhaust emissions exceed level of metered smoke for a turbo charged engine (8.2.2.2 (b)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Service brake excessively binding (1.2.1 (f)) | 1 |
| Steering system excessively rough (2.1.1 (a)) | 1 |
| Offside Rear Hazard warning lamps inoperative (4.4.1 (e)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Seat belt installation has a sharp edge which could or is likely to cut or abrade the webbing. (10.1 (b)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Outer Drive shaft joint constant velocity boot split or insecure, no longer prevents the ingress of dirt split (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 1 |
| Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment (1.1.6 (c)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Lower Coil spring fractured or broken (5.3.1 (b) (i)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Track rod end ball joint dust cover excessively damaged or deteriorated so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (2.1.3 (g) (ii)) | 1 |
| Emissions not tested excessive exhaust smoke coming out of exhaust (8.2.1.2 (d)) | 1 |
| Exhaust emits clearly visible black smoke during acceleration (8.2.1.2 (g)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Service brake excessively binding (1.2.1 (f)) | 1 |
| Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases centre joint (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Exhaust carbon monoxide content after 2nd fast idle exceeds manufacturers specified limits (8.2.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Front Drivers view of an obligatory external mirror significantly affected by an obstruction (3.1 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Headlamp has a product on the lens so that the light output is severely reduced (4.1.4 (b)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Outer Prop shaft joint constant velocity boot no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (6.1.7 (g) (ii)) | 1 |
| Central Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Stop lamp(s) not working (4.3.1 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Exhaust emissions exceed manufacturers specified limit (8.2.2.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Suspension arm ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 1 |
| Nearside Rear Other passenger door cannot be opened from outside the vehicle or the inside (6.2.3 (a)) | 1 |
| Exhaust has a major leak of exhaust gases centre section corroded and holed and exhaust sleave corroded and insecure (6.1.2 (a)) | 1 |
| Offside Rear Direction indicator not working (4.4.1 (a) (ii)) | 1 |
| Rear Service brake lagging in operation (1.2.1 (d)) | 1 |
| Emissions unable to be completed Rear exhaust blowing (8.2.1.2 (d)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt Drop link (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 1 |
| Offside Front Anti-roll bar ball joint dust cover no longer prevents the ingress of dirt Drop link (5.3.4 (b) (ii)) | 1 |
| Nearside Front Service brake excessively fluctuating (1.2.1 (e)) | 1 |